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Jhansi Ki Rani Lakshmibai Biography

Jhansi Ki Rani Lakshmibai Biography
Lakshmibai, The Rani Queen of Jhansi 19 November 1835 – 17 June 1858  known as Jhansi Ki Rani, was the queen of the Maratha-ruled princely state of Jhansi, was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and a symbol of resistance to British rule in India. She has gone down in Indian history as a legendary figure, as India's "Joan of Arc. she was called by the name Manikarnika. Affectionately, her family members called her Manu. At a tender age of four, she lost her mother. As a result, the responsibility of raising her fell upon her father. While pursuing studies, she also took formal training in martial arts, which included horse riding, shooting and fencing. To know the complete life history of Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, read on

Jhansi Fort

Originally named Manikarnika at birth nicknamed Manu  , she was born on 19 November 1835 at Kashi Varanasi to a Maharashtrian Karhade Brahmin family from Dwadashi, District Satara. She lost her mother at the age of four. She was educated at home. Her father Moropant Tambey worked at the court of Peshwa Baji Rao II at Bithur and then travelled to the court of Raja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, the Maharaja of Jhansi, when Manu was thirteen years old. She was married to Gangadhar Rao, the Raja of Jhansi, at the age of 14. During that period, Lord Dalhousie was the Governor General of British India. The adopted child was named Damodar Rao. As per the Hindu tradition, he was their legal heir. However, the British rulers refused to accept him as the legal heir. As per the Doctrine of Lapse, Lord Dalhousie decided to seize the state of Jhansi. Rani Lakshmibai went to a British lawyer and consulted him. Thereafter, she filed an appeal for the hearing of her case in London. But, her plea was rejected. The British authorities confiscated the state jewels. Also, an order was passed asking the Rani to leave Jhansi fort and move to the Rani Mahal in Jhansi. Laxmibai was firm about protecting the state of Jhansi

After her marriage, she was given the name Lakshmi Bai. Because of her father's influence at court, Rani Lakshmi Bai had more independence than most women, who were normally restricted to the zenana: she studied self defense, horsemanship, archery, and even formed her own army out of her female friends at court. Rani Lakshmi Bai gave birth to a son in 1851, however this child died when he was about four months old. After the death of their son, the Raja and Rani of Jhansi adopted Damodar Rao. However, it is said that her husband the Raja never recovered from his son's death, and he died on 21 November 1853 of a broken heart. Because Damodar Rao was adopted and not biologically related to the Raja, the East India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, was able to install the Doctrine of Lapse, rejecting Rao's rightful claim to the throne. Dalhousie then annexed Jhansi, saying that the throne had become "lapsed" and thus put Jhansi under his "protection". In March 1854, the Rani was given a pension of 60,000 rupees and ordered to leave the palace at the Jhansi fort.

Seal of Jhansi

(One of two large cannon on display at Jhansi Fort. This one is the Bhavani Shankar cannon which was operated by Moti Bai.) Rani Jhansi was determined not to give up Jhansi. She strengthened its defences and assembled a volunteer army. Women were also given military training. Rani's forces were joined by warriors including Gulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Khuda Baksh, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.

(The memorial to Gulam Gaus Khan, Moti Bai and Khudabaks. The three are remembered together as a symbol of unity. The Panch Mahal is in the right background along with a satellite dish) While this was happening in Jhansi, on May 10, 1857 the Sepoy (soldier) Mutiny of India started in Meerut. This would become the starting point for the rebellion against the British. It began after rumours were put about that the new bullet casings for their Enfield rifles were coated with pork/beef fat, pigs being taboo to Muslims and cows sacred to Hindus and thus forbidden to eat. British commanders insisted on their use and started to discipline anyone who disobeyed. During this rebellion many British civilians, including women, and children were killed by the sepoys. The British wanted to end the rebellion quickly.
Meanwhile, unrest began to spread throughout India and in May of 1857, the First War of Indian Independence erupted in numerous pockets across the northern subcontinent. During this chaotic time, the British were forced to focus their attentions elsewhere, and Lakshmi Bai was essentially left to rule Jhansi alone. During this time, her qualities were repeatedly demonstrated as she was able swiftly and efficiently to lead her troops against skirmishes breaking out in Jhansi. Through this leadership Lakshmi Bai was able to keep Jhansi relatively calm and peaceful in the midst of the Empire’s unrest.

Tantia Tope as a Prisoner Tantya Tope more.......

The letter is one of the few remaining  artefacts from the Rani of Jhansi's life

The letter was written by Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi, shortly before the Indian mutiny - or first war of independence - in 1857.  It has been found in London in the archives of the British Library.  The Rani of Jhansi has often been called the "Joan of Arc" of the Indian independence struggle.  Academics say the discovery of the letter is hugely significant, because so little historical evidence from the Rani of Jhansi's lifetime exists.

Up to this point, she had been hesitant to rebel against the British, and there is still some controversy over her role in the massacre of the British HEIC officials and their wives and children on the 8th June 1857 at Jokhan Bagh. Her hesitation finally ended when British troops arrived under Sir Hugh Rose and laid siege to Jhansi on 23rd March 1858. Rani Jhansi with her faithful warriors decided not to surrender. The fighting continued for about two weeks. Shelling on Jhansi was very fierce. In the Jhansi army women were also carrying ammunition and were supplying food to the soldiers. Rani Lakshmi Bai was very active. She herself was inspecting the defense of the city. She rallied her troops around her and fought fiercely against the British. An army of 20,000, headed by the rebel leader Tatya Tope, was sent to relieve Jhansi and to take Lakshmi Bai to freedom. However, the British, though numbering only 1,540 in the field so as not to break the siege, were better trained and disciplined than the “raw recruits,” and these inexperienced soldiers turned and fled shortly after the British began to attack on the 31st March. Lakshmi Bai’s forces could not hold out and three days later the British were able to breach the city walls and capture the city. Yet Lakshmi Bai escaped over the wall at night and fled from her city, surrounded by her guards, many of whom were from her women’s military.
Along with the young Damodar Rao, the Rani decamped to Kalpi along with her forces where she joined other rebel forces, including those of Tatya Tope. The Rani and Tatya Tope moved on to Gwalior, where the combined rebel forces defeated the army of the Maharaja of Gwalior after his armies deserted to the rebel forces. They then occupied the strategic fort at Gwalior. However on the second day of fighting, on 18 June 1858, the Rani died.

(The so-called Jumping Point. The Rani is claimed to have jumped her horse from this point on the wall to the ground below and so make her escape. The figures in red and blue give an idea of the scale. This plus the rough and sloping ground below must surely mean that any horse would have been killed, not to mention the rider. The Rani was a good rider, but physics is physics. It is somewhat more likely that she left by the gate.) She died on 18 June, 1858 during the battle for Gwalior with 8th Hussars that took place in Kotah-Ki-Serai near Phool Bagh area of Gwalior. She donned warrior's clothes and rode into battle to save Gwalior Fort, about 120 miles west of Lucknow in what is now the state of Uttar Pradesh. The British captured Gwalior three days later. In the report of the battle for Gwalior, General Sir Hugh Rose commented that the rani "remarkable for her beauty, cleverness and perseverance" had been "the most dangerous of all the rebel leaders".

However, the lack of a corpse to be convincingly identified as the Rani convinced Captain Rheese of the so called "bravest" regiment that she had not actually perished in the battle for Gwalior, stating publicly that:"[the] Queen of Jhansi is alive!". It is believed her funeral was arranged on same day near the spot where she was wounded. One of the her maidservants helped with the arrangement of quick funeral. Because of her bravery, courage, and wisdom, and her progressive views on women's empowerment in 19th century India, and due to her sacrifices, she became an icon of Indian independence movement. The Rani was memorialized in bronze statues at both Jhansi and Gwalior, both of which portray her on horseback. Her father, Moropant Tambey, was captured and hanged a few days after the fall of Jhansi. Her adopted son, Damodar Rao, was given a pension by the British Raj and cared for, although he never received his inheritance. Rani Lakshmi Bai became a national heroine and was seen as the epitome of female bravery in India. When the Indian National Army created its first female unit, it was named after her. Indian poetess Subhadra Kumari Chauhan wrote a poem in the Veer Ras style about her, which is still recited by children in schools of contemporary India. In a prophetic statement in the 1878 book The History of the Indian Mutiny, Colonel Malleson said "...her countrymen will always believe that she was driven by ill-treatment into rebellion; that her cause was a righteous cause; ..... To them she will always be a heroine   Cremation Place of Rani Lakshmi Bai

" Master of Business "(by bill gates)

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If you can't make it good, at least make it look good.”
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Life is not fair, get used to it.
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Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning.
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Patience is a key element of success.
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DOS is ugly and interferes with users' experience.
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Microsoft is not about greed. It's about innovation and fairness.
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People everywhere love Windows.
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Let's face it, the average computer user has the brain of a Spider Monkey.
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When you want to do your homework, fill out your tax return, or see all the choices for a trip you want to take, you need a full-size screen.
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Windows 2000 already contains features such as the human discipline component, where the PC can send an electric shock through the keyboard if the human does something that does not please Windows.
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Interesting facts of Bill Gates

Birth date: October 28, 1955

Education: Public elementary school. Entered private Lakeside School at age 12. Dropped out of Harvard Univ ersity junior year.

Native City: Seattle, Washington

Little known fact: His family called him "Trey," in reference to the III after his name.

Hobbies: Bridge, golf, reading, philanthropy.

Claim to fame: Leader of the computing software's industry.

Net worth: Bill's all-time high net worth is $88.82 Billion. Visit Net Worth Page for current net worth.

Preferred foods: Cherry Coke and spray cheese

Annoying traits: Compulsive rocking, glasses that won't stay perched on bridge of his nose.

Family: wife, Melinda; daughter, Jennifer, born 1996; son, Rory, born 1999.

Official Blog: Sir Bill Gates blog: The Gates Notes

Philanthropy: The Bill & Melinda foundation , Greatest love for humanity

  Bill Gates Wealth index

  earns appx 6 Billion Dollars in a year or
  earns appx  500 Million Dollars in a month or
  earns appx 16,660,000 Dollars in a day or
  earns appx  14614 Dollars a minute or
  earns appx  243 Dollars a second.

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Kingfisher Airlines aims at equity infusion of $500-600 million: Sanjay Aggarwal

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MUMBAI: Kingfisher Airlines, which has teetered on the brink for months, will be fully recapitalised within six to eight weeks, a senior company official has told ET.
The airline is confident of an equity infusion of between $500 million and $600 million through a mix of fresh funds as well as capital from the banks, said Sanjay Aggarwal, CEO of the debt-laden company. Aggarwal's optimism is based on expectations that private equity investors will find the low valuations attractive, coupled with the hope of achange in foreign investment rules allowing global airlines to invest in local carriers.

In an interview, the first after the recent imbroglio over frozen bank accounts, unpaid bills and a fast depleting roster of employees hit the headlines, Aggarwal insists that the agony will soon be over. Aggarwal, an industry veteran who was among the 40 top executives out of 40,000 employees in US Airways, before it was acquired by United Airlines, is now more attuned to the Indian aviation sector.
During the interview, his desk was strewn with copies of dockets detailing the turnaround that he piloted in another situation in a rival airline. "The process (to give the deal a tangible shape) takes 6-8 weeks and we are aiming to get the investors in by then. We have a mix of investors but will not be able to disclose further details," Aggarwal said.
Six Planes Back in the Air
"We are approximately looking at a $500-million infusion. We have requested banks for non-fund based limits and so between fresh money and some of the non-fund based limits could be the total solution," he said.

Kingfisher plans to get six of its grounded aircraft back in the air by next week, adding to the 28 it is currently flying. It is in a process of submitting a summer schedule to the civil aviation regulator that will target getting more aircraft off the ground as it has 20 engines that can be mounted on the aircraft once the payments are made.
Aggarwal was at the helm of SpiceJet, when the low-cost airline was scripting a turnaround but quit when media baron Kalanithi Maran acquired the airline and brought in his own team to manage the airline. However, it was during Aggarwal's tenure that SpiceJet maneuvered itself out of turbulent weather, enabling Wilbur Ross, vulture investor to exit in favour of Maran. Ross is one of the few investors in the Indian aviation industry to exit profitably.
Aggarwal, however, did not specify how much stake will be offloaded if a private equity player comes in but said that the promoters will be in a comfortable position even if a 49% holding is offloaded in Kingfisher as they will still be able to retain 40% . Aggarwal said he sees no reason why private equity players would not like to invest in the airline business.
"SpiceJet had Goldman Sachs (invested $20 million to later exit at a loss) and Istithmar (Dubai-based investment company that also bought equity into airline) along with Wilbur Ross. Both Goldman and Istithmar got money and security and the environment also turned favourable for SpiceJet. So it cannot be said that private equity is not a good option for airline companies."

Aggarwal, however, denied being in talks with Wilbur Ross and also with Hong Kongbased firm S C Lowy for Kingfisher. "They are distress funds and we do not want to take that route. Though there was just one feeler and some talks with Lowy but since they are a vulture fund, we did not take it further."